Recent research has unveiled a potential dietary approach with heart-healthy benefits that might not be as well-known as the Mediterranean or DASH diets. A study published in the peer-reviewed American Heart Association (AHA) journal Circulation on October 25 suggests that adhering to the portfolio diet could significantly lower the risk of stroke and heart disease.
The portfolio diet is a specialized dietary pattern designed to reduce “bad” LDL cholesterol, a key risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Dr. Jessica Schachter, an interventional cardiologist at MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, explains that this dietary approach focuses on specific plant-based foods known for their cholesterol-lowering properties.
Components of the portfolio diet include:
1. Soluble fiber, found in foods like oats, barley, and psyllium.
2. Soy protein, present in tofu, tempeh, and soy milk.
3. Plant sterols, naturally occurring in plants like lentils, fruits, and vegetables and sometimes added to juice and yogurt.
4. Nuts such as almonds, peanuts, and walnuts.
While the portfolio diet might not be as familiar as the Mediterranean or DASH diets, recent studies have highlighted its potential benefits. Research from 2021 indicated that higher adherence to the portfolio diet was associated with reduced instances of cardiovascular and coronary events and heart failure among postmenopausal women. Another study from 2021 revealed that the diet effectively lowered LDL cholesterol levels in overweight adults, a crucial factor for heart health.
Dr. Bradley Serwer, a cardiologist and Chief Medical Officer at VitalSolution, emphasizes the significance of maintaining healthy LDL cholesterol levels. He explains that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol and can lead to arterial plaque formation, potentially causing heart attacks or strokes.
The foods emphasized in the portfolio diet have shown potential in lowering cholesterol levels. Almonds, for instance, have been linked to cardiovascular benefits and significant reductions in LDL cholesterol levels.
The most recent study, based on data from over 166,000 women and nearly 44,000 men who participated in long-term health studies from the mid-1980s to early 1990s, revealed that participants with the highest adherence to the portfolio diet had a 14% reduced risk of stroke or coronary heart disease compared to those with lower adherence.
The ability of the portfolio diet to lower LDL cholesterol is a key factor in reducing heart disease risk. Dr. Schachter notes that the diet offers a heart-healthy, plant-based alternative for those interested in vegetarianism with a focus on whole, unprocessed foods.
While the research on the portfolio diet is promising, it still requires further investigation to provide detailed meal plans, portion sizes, and daily caloric intake. Additionally, comparative studies with other heart-healthy diets like the DASH and Mediterranean diets are needed to assess overall health benefits comprehensively.
Experts agree that the portfolio diet is not suitable for everyone. Those who are unwilling to give up meat and dairy may find it challenging to adhere to. The flexibility of the diet, while advantageous, may not provide sufficient guidance for individuals to meet their unique dietary needs and health goals. Special consideration should be given to those with allergies or sensitivities, gastrointestinal issues, kidney disease, a history of eating disorders, long-term medication use for chronic conditions, children, pregnant and lactating individuals, and those with specific nutritional needs.
To start following the portfolio diet, experts recommend a gradual transition, meal planning, creativity in incorporating recommended foods, portion control, and regular cholesterol monitoring in consultation with healthcare professionals.
In summary, the portfolio diet offers a promising path to lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease. While it may not suit everyone, those interested in this dietary approach can begin their journey by making gradual changes, planning their meals, and embracing creativity in the kitchen. Regular monitoring and healthcare provider consultation are key to assessing its impact on individual health.